These chemical compounds are widespread environmental contaminants that are considered byproducts of the incomplete combustion of organic materials, such as coal, gas, garbage, meat, oil, tobacco and wood, during natural or anthropogenic processes. Heavy PAHs are more stable and more toxic than the light PAHs. PAHs consisting of up to four rings are known as light PAHs, while PAHs that are made of more than four rings are known as heavy PAHs. PAHs are hydrophobic compounds with low water solubility, and their solubility in water and volatility decrease with an increase in their molecular weight. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of chemical compounds composed of two or more fused benzene rings. This review focuses on the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from environmental matrices, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents. A plethora of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and molecularly imprinted polymers, have been successfully coupled with a wide variety of extraction techniques. Compared to the conventional sample preparation techniques, these novel techniques show some benefits, including reduced organic solvent consumption, while they are time and cost efficient. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination.
PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings.
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